Kannada writer U R Ananthamurthy is a Man Booker Award finalist. That's thrilling news for lovers of his writing. I met him in late 2012 when his autobiography was being proofed. I went to his house to interview him for Talk, the weekly magazine I used to edit. It had been about 15 years since I had last met him, but he remembered me, and spoke warmly. Here are excerpts from his autobiography that I translated to go with the interview.
The hypocrisy of Indians
We accept many beliefs without questioning them, and start propagating them. It is possible here to be a revolutionary and a part of the establishment at the same time.
When the Congress declared an Emergency, the CPI helped them along. One could simultaneously be a communist and a supporter of the ruling Congress.
Most Indian intellectuals are like that. In those days (the 1970s), if you asked those talking revolution which country they would like to visit---US or the USSR---they would choose the first. That’s because there was no warm water in the Soviet Union. No room heaters either.
India’s biggest problem is hypocrisy. It has taken root deeper than we imagine.
When the Janata Party came to power in Karnataka in 1983, many of us found it possible to balance out our lofty principles with our proximity to authority. It is difficult to proclaim that our actions were free of selfish motives.
A good number who came looking for me, in the knowledge that I was close to Ramakrishna Hegde and J H Patel, no longer remain my friends. Thanks to my obliging nature, I became a medium for their vested interests.
I didn’t touch any money, but I am troubled that I witnessed corrupt acts without uttering a word. A mind that hesitates to say what must be said becomes corrupt. The Janata alliance that took on Indira Gandhi was the creation of an affluent class.
Meeting George Fernandes
Before the Emergency was imposed, I had written a review of the novel Gati Sthiti (State of Affairs) by Giri.
I received a huge envelope by post some days after the publication of my review. It contained another review of the book, and criticised some of my observations. I couldn’t make out who had written it. The letter was in Kannada and English.
“Come and meet me in Bangalore at once,” it said.
After a while, I guessed it was from George Fernandes.
He had tried to organise a huge railway strike just before the Emergency, and failed. The police were looking for him, but he had slipped away. All the other big leaders of the time were already in jail.
Shivarama Karanth told me: “Only those who have participated in the 1942 movement might know what to do in these difficult times. George is a follower of Jayaprakash Narayan, isn’t he? He must be active in the underground movement.”
It occurred to me that I should contact my friend Pattabhirama Reddy and his wife Snehalata in Bangalore. They were inspired by the socialist leader Rammanohar Lohia, and had turned my novel Samksara into a film.
When I met him, Pattabhi took the envelope from me, winked, and said, “I will take you to George secretly”.
The two of us got into a car one evening. “Good not to know where you are going. Blindfold yourself. Even if the police torture you, you shouldn’t be able to tell them where you met George,” he said.
We drove for 45 minutes, reached a decrepit church and walked into a dark room.
George was sitting on a cot. He was unrecognisable. He had grown his hair and beard long. I went up to him and touched him. He embraced me. George’s younger brother Lawrence came in. He looked older than George. He had a lunch box in his hand.
As we sat talking about his family and mine, worms dropped on us from the roof of the church. George was pulling out the kambli hulu (palmer worms) and scratching himself all through our conversation. He gave me a mission with these points: Snehalata had to go to a rarely used lavatory in Vidhana Soudha. One night, making sure no one was around, she had to explode a bomb. I had to provide some youths to help her. The explosion had to bring down a portion of the Vidhana Soudha, but not kill anyone.
Our objective was to hassle the government, and not to inflict violence on anyone. The government was convinced it could get away with anything, and people wouldn’t protest. If such subversive incidents took place every now and then, terrified citizens would feel reassured that something was afoot to dislodge the government. It was our duty to protect the people’s will to resist. We had to find a bridge there, and a government building here, and bring them down with dynamite.
If none of this was possible, my friends and I had to undermine the government in the manner of those who had resisted Nazism in Hitler’s Germany. We had to drop burning cigarette stubs into post boxes. That would force the government, as it had in Germany, to post a constable at every post box.
We came back after this conversation. I blindfolded myself even on the way back.
A constable always stood guard at the toilet, making it impossible to place a bomb at the Vidhana Soudha. I returned to Mysore, and with friends like Devanoor Mahadeva, tried to drop cigarette stubs into post boxes. The stubs burnt themselves out without causing any damage.
George showed the same courage as Subhas Chandra Bose, and is a big hero of our times. We believed he was fit to become prime minister. But what happened to him later is difficult to digest.
He never became corrupt for money, but went to Gujarat after the violence, and came back as if nothing had happened. I could never understand this. Perhaps the desire to remain in power had corrupted his revolutionary mind.
The central minister who refused police escort has now lost his memory, and lies bedridden.
Esther and home tuition
My wife was a little girl sporting two plaits when I saw first her as a student in Hassan. She came over to my house for private tuition. When she sang a film song at a college event, it brought tears to my eyes. She sings well even today.
I had given her class an assignment: ‘Describe someone you like or dislike.’ She had written about me, making fun of my gestures and teaching style. The girl in plaits who could write this way about her lecturer had ignited my curiosity and interest.
The first door of my romantic world opened when I realised she could speak about me with such abandon. I didn’t want a girl who would adore me; I wanted a companion. I fell in love with the girl who came to me on the pretext of taking tuition. She was then just 16 or 17. I developed no physical intimacy with her. She was at an age when she didn’t know enough about the world’s ways, or about right and wrong. She interacted with me in all innocence. When she invited me over to her house, I felt I was entering another world.
Esther was one among many students who came for private coaching. While the others paid me a fee, Esther gave me her guileless love.
In those days, I liked keeping fish. A student had brought me some fish, which I had placed in a glass bowl. I was often lost in observing their movements. This would make Esther livid. “What are you doing there? Can’t you come here and do some lessons?” she would snap. She was outspoken even in those days.
My sister wasn’t married yet. I knew it would be difficult to find her a bride if I married out of caste. I had to wait a long time even after I had decided to marry Esther.
I went to Mysore after teaching for some years in Hassan. My mother was with me then. When she came to know about my relationship with Esther, she was upset. She would suddenly lose consciousness and slump to the ground. She would also complain of pain.
When we took her to a doctor, he diagnosed it as a mental illness. She was tormented during this period. As a little boy, when she went to the hills for her ablutions in the morning, I would scream, “Amma, are you dead or what?” and keep crying till she called back.
Her agony on my account was something I could not take. I despaired.
Death of my mother
My mother died in September 1995. A month before her death, I had taken a break from my work, and stayed in my brother’s house in Shimoga, where she was bedridden. Initially, she was conscious, but towards the end, she lay unconscious most of the time.
I used to sit by her side, talking, while she was still conscious. Anil was her favourite son. Being a doctor, he had fitted her with pipes and tubes, and struggled round the clock to keep her alive.
One day, I told him, “Let’s not keep her alive this way. Take away those things.”
I had gathered the courage to tell him that, and Anil needed the confidence. He did as suggested. I sat by my mother, held her hand, uttered a prayer, and said, “Everything is all right. You may go.”
Since she knew about Esther, I guessed she was apprehensive I wouldn’t conduct her last rites. I told her, “I will take the initiative and perform all your rites.”
She left us a couple of days later. I couldn’t sit on the floor, so I broke convention and sat on a stool. I performed her rites with my brothers, trying all the while to understand the mantras.
My mother treated everyone with affection, but had never given up her ritual sense of purity. She was not a modern woman shy about her Brahmin caste, or rather, her sub-caste.
When she heard the Pejawar swamiji had visited a Dalit colony, she was bewildered. I congratulated him as I felt he was capable of influencing my mother.
Oblivious to the depth of such beliefs, my fellow-writers ridiculed me. Such intellectuals have no desire to change the thinking of people like my mother. My mother wouldn’t give up her caste, but believed taking vows and praying to Muslim holy men would cure children of certain ailments.
The house that started a row
I didn’t have a house of my own. I applied for one in Mysore. Poet Krishna Alanahalli took me to someone he knew and said, “Give our teacher a site.”
He did. The site was like a lane. “I don’t want it,” I said.
Krishna took me back to the official and said, “Not this one, give him another.” I got another site. Krishna liked me a lot, and said I should keep the first one, too. Afraid I would give in to temptation, I wrote a letter returning the earlier site. Krishna laughed at my foolishness.
By then, I had decided to move from Mysore to Bangalore. Award-winners are entitled to sites, and I got one during chief minister Veerappa Moily‘s time. It was a good plot, opposite a park.
Since we were about to come away from Mysore, I thought it would be better if we could get a house instead. When I mentioned this to my friend J H Patel, then chief minister, he said he would allot me a house in a colony originally meant for NRIs who could pay in dollars. I live in this house now.
Once the house was sanctioned, I returned my site.
Several people, under P. Lankesh‘s leadership, pounced on me, ignoring the fact that I had returned the site. A story about this first appeared in Lankesh Patrike. My utterly emotional and dear friend G K Govinda Rao demonstrated against me.
I wrote to Patel, requesting him to take back the house and give me the site again.
He tore up my letter and said, “Everything is legal, whatever people might say. If you don’t want this house, there’s another in my name. Shall I get it registered in your name?” I declined. Many articles appeared in the papers.
After some time, my detractors began to see the truth. Lankesh called up my house one day and asked Esther, “May I visit you?” She said, “Ask him,” and handed me the phone. I called him over. He arrived with a friend.
Esther went out of the house the moment he stepped in. I got some tea made for him. “Saw the new house?” I said. He replied, without any embarrassment, “Never mind, Ananthamurthy. It's all over now.” He didn’t say another word about it.
We try to show our integrity through our prejudices. I don’t like this practice, among Kannada writers, of flaunting their integrity. We must hide our integrity, like we hide our love.
My friend B S Achar was struck by cancer. Lankesh wrote about it in his paper and announced he was giving him some money. Achar was disgusted. He returned the money. It didn’t occur to Lankesh, whose aim was publicity, to reflect if it was all right to write in his paper about his own acts of charity.
The modernist debate
Our discussions at Coffee House with Gopalakrishna Adiga inspired many of my writings. We lived in a world of our own, amidst the shared coffee and cigarettes. We were busy ushering in modernism in literature when a juke box, which we thought of as a symbol of modernity, arrived at Coffee House.
Attracted by its loud music, young people thronged the cafe. Modernity had snatched away the comfortable cane chairs that encouraged discussions about modernism.
We went to the parks, looking for space under the trees. Without coffee, our discussions lost their charm. We didn’t have money for beer at the pubs. And in any case, Adiga wouldn’t drink even though he was a modernist!
Translated by S R Ramakrishna(srramakrishna@gmail.com)
Excerpted from Suragi, U R Ananthamurthy’s autobiography, 2013.
*Suragi is the name of a flower Ananthamurthy loved. It is also the name of his house in Dollars Colony, Bangalore.
Labels: finalist, Kannada, Man Booker Award, novelist, short story writer, UR Ananthamurthy
